I Feel Different, but in Every Case I Feel Proud: Distinguishing Self-Pride, Group-Pride, and Vicarious-Pride.

Ilona E De Hooge,Yvette Van Osch

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735383

Ilona E De Hooge, Yvette Van Osch

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735383

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Abstract

Various lines of research have hinted at the existence of multiple forms of self-conscious emotion pride. Thus far, it is unclear whether forms, such as self-pride, group-pride, or vicarious-pride are characterized by a similar feeling of pride, and what the communal and unique aspects are of their subjective experiences. The current research addressed this issue and examined the communal and unique characteristics of the subjective experiences of self-pride, group-pride, and vicarious-pride. Using recalled experiences, two experiments demonstrated that self-pride, group-pride, and vicarious-pride could be separated on the basis of their subjective experiences. More specifically, Experiment 2 demonstrated how self-pride, group-pride, and vicarious-pride were related to feelings of self-inflation, other-distancing vs. approaching, and other-devaluation vs. valuation. Finally, Experiment 3 showed that not only the responsibility for the achievement but also the number of people who had contributed to the achievement could influence the experience of other-oriented forms of pride. The current findings revealed that self-pride, group-pride, and vicarious-pride were all forms of pride with distinct subjective experiences. These findings provided valuable insights into the emotion of pride and might lead to divergent consequences for sociality, self-consciousness, and behavior.

Highlights

In daily life, people can feel proud of different things
Analyses of experienced pride and authentic pride revealed that the participants reported more pride in all pride conditions than in the Control condition
The findings of Experiment 1 reveal that people may experience similar feelings of pride after a self-pride, group-pride, or vicarious-pride experience, even though they differ in the degree to which they feel responsible for the achievement

Summary

Introduction

People can feel proud of different things. They may for example feel proud of having achieved a goal (Rinas et al, 2020), of having won a sports game (Van Osch et al, 2016), or of having learned something new (Bellocchi and Ritchie, 2015). Teachers may feel proud of their students having mastered a new subject (Darby, 2008; Myall et al, 2008), parents may feel proud of their children have developed a new skill (Nakamura, 2013; Pasupathi et al, 2020), employees may feel proud of their work team having reached a target (Tyler and Blader, 2001), or fans may feel proud of their sports team has won a championship (Bravo et al, 2020) In all of these cases, one or more people have achieved something positive or valued, and the ensuing positive feelings can be described as feelings of pride (Salice and Montes Sanchez, 2016; Ritzenhofer et al, 2019). Whereas feeling proud of own achievements (“proud of me”) has been described as self-pride (Delvaux et al, 2016; Septianto et al, 2018), individual pride (Sullivan, 2017), independent pride (Ahuvia et al, 2018), self-referential pride (Ritzenhofer et al, 2019), or authentic pride (Tracy and Robins, 2007a,b), feeling proud of

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