Hysteroscopy-assisted suction curettage for early pregnancy loss: does it reduce retained products of conception and postoperative intrauterine adhesions?

Abstract

To describe the feasibility of hysteroscopy-assisted suction curettage for early pregnancy loss and to investigate whether it reduces the rates of retained products of conception (RPOC) and intrauterine adhesions (IUA). Prospective single-arm cohort study. University-affiliated Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Women admitted for surgical evacuation of early pregnancy loss were invited to participate in the study. Vaginal misoprostol was administered for cervical ripening preoperatively. Under general anesthesia, a diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed to identify the pregnancy's implantation wall, followed by ultrasound-guided suction and curettage directed to the implantation wall, and then diagnostic hysteroscopy to verify complete uterine cavity emptying. Postoperative IUA were evaluated by follow-up office hysteroscopy. Identification of the pregnancy's implantation wall on hysteroscopy, and intra-, and postoperative complications associated with the procedure. The evaluation of postoperative IUA was limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions on elective procedures. Forty patients were included in the study group. Their mean age was 34.0 ± 6.6years, and their mean gestational age was 8.9 ± 1.6weeks. The implantation wall was clearly visualized on hysteroscopy in 33 out of 40 cases (82.5%). The mean operative time was 17.2 ± 8.8min, and no intraoperative complications occurred. Suspected RPOC were diagnosed intraoperatively by hysteroscopy and removed in 4 cases, and the histologic examination confirmed the presence of RPOC in three of them. Follow-up office hysteroscopy was performed in nine women: mild IUA was diagnosed in one case and a normal cavity was confirmed in eight cases. A new pregnancy was reported at the time of follow-up in 15 cases, while 12 women declined to attend the follow-up hysteroscopy and four were lost to follow-up. Hysteroscopy-assisted suction curettage for early pregnancy loss is a safe, short, and inexpensive procedure, which allows the identification of the pregnancy's wall in most cases and may reduce the rates of RPOC.