Abstract
The value of hysterosalpingography in gynecologic diagnosis was established soon after the discovery of the x-ray. The severe reactions caused by the occasional use of bismuth paste, isotonic colloidal silver, sodium bromide and thorium citrate spurred investigative efforts toward finding a suitable contrast material. By 1922, Lipiodol* had superseded all other radiopaque media, and for many years it was the drug of choice. As its use increased, pulmonary embolization, foreign body reactions in the peritoneal cavity and sensitivity problems were occasionally reported. After Rubin 5 described the ideal opaque substance as one that had proper viscosity, density sufficient to demonstrate tubal structure, and characteristics not causing foreign body reactions, investigation of other media was stimulated.
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