Abstract
Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a routinely performed radiological investigation for evaluation of uterine cavity morphology and fallopian tube patency in infertile women. This study was undertaken to describe patterns of HSG findings and to assess any significant difference in uterine and fallopian tube findings in women with primary and secondary infertility in eastern part of Nepal.Material and Methods: Hospital based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted by retrospectively analyzing HSG records of 216 infertile women (both primary and secondary infertility) done from April 2014 to August 2016. Radiological findings in uterus and fallopian tubes were recorded and analyzed. Association between two categorical variables was examined by Chi-square test.Results: Majority of infertile women (53.2%) had primary infertility. Abnormal HSG was seen in 44.9% infertile women and higher in secondary infertility (57.4%) than with primary infertility (33.9%) (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.51 – 4.57, P value = 0.001). Tubal abnormality was common than uterine abnormality (36.1% versus 8.8%, P value= 0.001). Tubal abnormalities were higher in women with secondary infertility than with primary infertility (52.5% versus 21.7%), whereas uterine abnormalities were common with primary infertility compared to secondary infertility (12.2% versus 5.0%) (P value= 0.001).Conclusion: Abnormal HSG was more associated with secondary infertility. Infertility was significantly associated with tubal abnormality than with uterine abnormality. Tubal abnormalities are common in women with secondary infertility whereas uterine abnormalities are common in women with primary infertility and are statistically significant.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), Page: 63-71
Highlights
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a routinely performed radiological investigation for evaluation of uterine cavity morphology and fallopian tube patency in infertile women by instillation of radiographicDr Manoj Bhattarai, et al, Journal of Nobel Medical College contrast media into uterine cavity through cervical canal [1, 2]
According to the international committee for monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) revised glossary, infertility “is a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after twelve months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse” [3], and is further classified as primary when there is no occurrence of previous pregnancy and secondary when previously pregnancy has occurred [4]
This study showed abnormal HSG to be more associated with secondary infertility (57.4%) than with primary infertility (33.9%) (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.51 – 4.57, P value = 0.001), and a women with secondary infertility 2.63 times more likely to have an abnormal HSG compared to women with primary infertility, which is comparable to the study of Nampakdianan K et al [8] who found abnormal HSG in 32.7% and 54.0% women with primary and secondary infertility respectively
Summary
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a routinely performed radiological investigation for evaluation of uterine cavity morphology and fallopian tube patency in infertile women by instillation of radiographicDr Manoj Bhattarai, et al, Journal of Nobel Medical College contrast media into uterine cavity through cervical canal [1, 2]. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a routinely performed radiological investigation for evaluation of uterine cavity morphology and fallopian tube patency in infertile women by instillation of radiographic. This study was undertaken to describe patterns of HSG findings in uterus and fallopian tubes of infertile women and to assess any significant difference in uterine and fallopian tube findings in women with primary and secondary infertility seeking infertility treatment in teaching hospital in eastern part of Nepal. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a routinely performed radiological investigation for evaluation of uterine cavity morphology and fallopian tube patency in infertile women. This study was undertaken to describe patterns of HSG findings and to assess any significant difference in uterine and fallopian tube findings in women with primary and secondary infertility in eastern part of Nepal. Association between two categorical variables was examined by Chi-square test
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