Hysterectomy Complications Relative to HbA1c Levels: Identifying a Threshold for Surgical Planning

Abstract

To evaluate whether diabetes diagnosis and level of diabetes control as reflected by higher preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are associated with increased complication rates after hysterectomy and to identify a threshold of preoperative HbA1c level past which we should consider delaying surgery owing to increased risk of complications. Retrospective cohort study. Hospitals in the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative between June 4, 2012, and October 17, 2017. Women with and without a diabetes diagnosis. Hysterectomy. Data on demographics, preoperative HbA1c values, surgical approach, composite postoperative complications, readmissions, emergency department visits, and reoperations were abstracted. The risk of a postoperative complication when diabetes was stratified by preoperative HbA1c level was evaluated in a sensitivity analysis, and independent associations were identified in a mixed, multivariate logistic regression model. We identified 41 286 hysterectomies performed at 70 hospitals to be included for analysis. The sensitivity analysis identified 4 groups of risk for postoperative complications: group 1: no diabetes diagnosis and no HbA1c value; group 2: no diabetes diagnosis, with HbA1c levels between 4% and 6.5%; group 3: diabetes diagnosis and no HbA1c value or HbA1c levels <9%; and group 4: diabetes diagnosis with HbA1c levels ≥9%. In the adjusted model, there were significant 32% and 34% increased odds of postoperative complications for groups 2 and 3, respectively, compared with group 1. There were more than 2-fold increased odds of complications for women with diabetes and a preoperative HbA1c level ≥9% (group 4) compared with the women in group 1. Diabetes diagnosis with preoperative HbA1c levels ≥9% had increased odds of complications compared with diabetes diagnosis with preoperative HbA1c levels <9%. Patients with well-controlled diabetes seemed to have increased odds of complications with laparoscopic surgery. Diabetes diagnosis and measurement of preoperative HbA1c levels provide risk stratification for postoperative complications after hysterectomy, with the highest observed effect among patients with diabetes with a preoperative HbA1c level ≥9%.