Abstract
We have studied the effect of inhibition of IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme 1), which is a central mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress and a controller of cell proliferation and tumor growth, on hypoxic regulation of the expression of different proliferation related genes in U87 glioma cells. It was shown that hypoxia leads to up-regulation of the expression of IL13RA2, CD24, ING1, ING2, ENDOG, and POLG genes and to down-regulation – of KRT18, TRAPPC3, TSFM, and MTIF2 genes at the mRNA level in control glioma cells. Changes for ING1 and CD24 genes were more significant. At the same time, inhibition of IRE1 modifies the effect of hypoxia on the expression of all studied genes. In particular, it increases sensitivity to hypoxia of the expression of IL13RA2, TRAPPC3, ENDOG, and PLOG genes and suppresses the effect of hypoxia on the expression of ING1 gene. Additionally, it eliminates hypoxic regulation of KRT18, CD24, ING2, TSFM, and MTIF2 genes expressions and introduces sensitivity to hypoxia of the expression of BET1 gene in glioma cells. The present study demonstrates that hypoxia, which often contributes to tumor growth, affects the expression of almost all studied genes. Additionally, inhibition of IRE1 can both enhance and suppress the hypoxic regulation of these gene expressions in a gene specific manner and thus possibly contributes to slower glioma growth, but several aspects of this regulation must be further clarified.
Highlights
IntroductionThe IL13RA2 (interleukin 13 receptor, α2), CD24 (signal transducer CD24 molecule), ING1 (inhibitor of growth family, member 1), ING2, ENDOG (endonuclease G) and many others play an important role in the regulation of numerous metabolic and proliferative processes [1,2,3,4,5]
The IL13RA2, CD24, ING1, ING2, ENDOG and many others play an important role in the regulation of numerous metabolic and proliferative processes [1,2,3,4,5]
It is possible that this anti-proliferative effect is mediated by IL13RA2, KRT18, CD24, ING1, ING2, MYRL2, BET1, TRAPPC3, ENDOG, POLG, TSFM, and MTIF2 proteins, which are integrated into the unfolded protein response signaling pathways and regulate cell proliferation [3,4,5,6, 9, 11, 15]
Summary
The IL13RA2 (interleukin 13 receptor, α2), CD24 (signal transducer CD24 molecule), ING1 (inhibitor of growth family, member 1), ING2, ENDOG (endonuclease G) and many others play an important role in the regulation of numerous metabolic and proliferative processes [1,2,3,4,5]. It is possible that this anti-proliferative effect is mediated by IL13RA2, KRT18, CD24, ING1, ING2, MYRL2, BET1, TRAPPC3, ENDOG, POLG, TSFM, and MTIF2 proteins, which are integrated into the unfolded protein response signaling pathways and regulate cell proliferation [3,4,5,6, 9, 11, 15]. The main goal of this study was to investigate the expression levels of proliferation related genes (IL13RA2, KRT18, CD24, ING1, ING2, MYRL2, BET1, TRAPPC3, ENDOG, POLG, TSFM, and MTIF2) in U87 glioma cell line and its subline without signaling enzyme IRE1 function under hypoxic conditions for evaluation of their possible significance for the control of glioma cell proliferation through IRE1 mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling
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