Abstract
BackgroundThe therapeutic efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic diseases is closely related to level of hypoxia in the damaged tissues. To elucidate the potential therapeutic applications and limitations of hMSCs derived from human umbilical cords, the effects of hypoxia on the morphology and proliferation of hMSCs were analyzed.ResultsAfter treatment with DFO and CoCl2, hMSCs were elongated, and adjacent cells were no longer in close contact. In addition, vacuole-like structures were observed within the cytoplasm; the rough endoplasmic reticulum expanded, and expanded ridges were observed in mitochondria. In addition, DFO and CoCl2 treatments for 48 h significantly inhibited hMSCs proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). This treatment also increased the number of cells in G0/G1 phase and decreased those in G2/S/M phase.ConclusionsThe hypoxia-mimetic agents, DFO and CoCl2, alter umbilical cord-derived hMSCs morphology and inhibit their proliferation through influencing the cell cycle.
Highlights
The therapeutic efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of hypoxicischemic diseases is closely related to level of hypoxia in the damaged tissues
The primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) expressed CD44 (96.1%), CD29 (98.5%), and CD105 (98.6%) surface antigens whereas expression of the CD106 (2.1%), CD40 (0.8%), CD34 (0.5%), CD45 (0.8%), and HLA-DR (0.7%) surface molecules were below the detection limit (Figure 2A)
HMSCs differentiation Following adipogenic induction, hMSCs morphology changed from elongated, confluent fibroblastic-like cells (Figure 3A) to oval-shaped cells; a distinct ring of red coarse vacuoles around the cell periphery was observed upon Oil Red O staining after the fourth day, becoming larger and more numerous over time (Figure 3B)
Summary
The therapeutic efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for the treatment of hypoxicischemic diseases is closely related to level of hypoxia in the damaged tissues. To elucidate the potential therapeutic applications and limitations of hMSCs derived from human umbilical cords, the effects of hypoxia on the morphology and proliferation of hMSCs were analyzed. Multipotent bone marrow stem cells, hMSCs are more primitive and embryonic-like cells with the potential to differentiate into lineage-committed progenitors and mature cells, such as osteoblasts and fibroblasts [2]. Bone marrow is not the exclusive source of MSCs; they have been isolated from virtually all post-natal and extra-embryonic tissues, including amniotic membrane, placenta, umbilical cord, and umbilical cord blood [3,4,5].
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