Abstract
Objectives. This research aimed to determine the association between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma clinical stage. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed paraffin-embedded tissue from 47 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients from 2011 to 2014. HIF-1α expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using an anti-HIF-1α mouse monoclonal antibody. The association between HIF-1α expression and clinical stage was analyzed using the chi square test. Results. The glottis was the predominant site of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma occurrence, and 43/47 (91.5%) patients presented at an advanced stage. Of the advanced stage patients, 27/43 stained positive for HIF-1α expression and 16/43 stained negative. Of the early stage patients, 2/4 stained positive for HIF-1α expression and 2/4 stained negative. Statistical analysis did not demonstrate significant association of HIF-1α expression. Conclusion. There was no statistically significant association between HIF-1α expression and the clinical stage or histological differentiation of LSCC.
Highlights
Laryngeal cancer is common worldwide; it is the third most common head and neck malignancy, after nasopharyngeal and sinonasal tumors [1]
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) can be demonstrated in laryngeal SCC (LSCC)
that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper
Summary
Laryngeal cancer is common worldwide; it is the third most common head and neck malignancy, after nasopharyngeal and sinonasal tumors [1]. The most common type of laryngeal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which can range from carcinoma in situ to poorly differentiated carcinoma. The causes of hypoxia are multifactorial and include abnormal or chaotic tumor vasculature, impaired blood perfusion, reduced oxygen consumption, and anemia [5]. HIF-1α activates gene transcription to increase oxygen availability; HIF-1α can stimulate angiogenesis or reprogram cellular metabolism to adapt to reduced oxygen availability [6]. The regulation of HIF-1α subunits forms part of the oxygen response pathway regulation. HIF-1α regulates several important biological pathways, including those involved in cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, cell metabolism, apoptosis, and migration [7]. The role of HIF-1α activity in laryngeal cancer is poorly understood, and very few studies regarding HIF-1α in Indonesian laryngeal cancer patients have been published. The aim of this study was to determine HIF-1α expression in laryngeal SCC (LSCC)
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