Abstract
We appreciate the interest by Cramer and Vaupel in our review article on understanding tumor cell heterogeneity and its implication for immunotherapy in liver cancer by single cell analysis.1 Cramer and Vaupel2 questioned a statement in the article, “tumor diversity is triggered by hypoxia”, which refers to our recent study on using single cell technologies to define tumor cell landscape and its biology,3 and raised concerns about determining hypoxic status in tumours with HIF target genes since HIF can be activated by hypoxia-independent manners.
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