Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with characteristics of synovial inflammation, pannus formation, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. Further, the inflammation is linked to increased oxygen consumption, resulting in hypoxia within the inflammatory area. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) was reported to be associated with adaptation to the hypoxic microenvironment in the RA synovium. Here, we have briefly summarized the structure and expression of HIF. Moreover, the function of HIF in inflammation, angiogenesis, cartilage damage, and immune cells of RA has been discussed.
Highlights
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease, with characteristics of synovial inflammation, pannus formation, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion, which cause deformity of the affected joints [1]
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) are more highly expressed in the hyperplastic RA synovium, which mainly include macrophage-like synoviocytes (MLS)
In RA synovial tissue, inflammation contributes to the hypoxic environment, and HIF-1α is dramatically increased to promote cells to be more tolerant of low oxygen tension [31]
Summary
Reviewed by: Ursula Fearon, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Francesca Romana Spinelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. Specialty section: This article was submitted to Inflammation, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with characteristics of synovial inflammation, pannus formation, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. The inflammation is linked to increased oxygen consumption, resulting in hypoxia within the inflammatory area. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) was reported to be associated with adaptation to the hypoxic microenvironment in the RA synovium. We have briefly summarized the structure and expression of HIF. The function of HIF in inflammation, angiogenesis, cartilage damage, and immune cells of RA has been discussed
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