Hypothetical Visible Bands of Advanced Meteorological Imager Onboard the Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite -2A Using Data-To-Data Translation

Abstract

True-color imagery of satellites provides various atmospheric and surface information for intuitive understanding and visualization. This study presents a conditional generative adversarial network method for generating daytime and nighttime hypothetical visible (VIS) bands of the Advanced Meteorological Imager (AMI) sensor onboard the Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite. The AMI datasets in the form of albedo and brightness temperature ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\boldsymbol{T}}_{\boldsymbol{B}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) were normalized and denormalized between 0 and 1 data-to-data (D2D) translation. The D2D model was trained and tested using data pair of the albedos at AMI VIS bands and AMI infrared (IR) bands or <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\boldsymbol{T}}_{\boldsymbol{B}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> differences between two AMI IR bands. The constructed D2D model showed that the statistical results of bias, root-mean-square-error, and correlation coefficient between the observed and D2D-generated AMI VIS bands during daytime were -0.006 and 0.047 in albedo, and 0.941 for the blue band; -0.007 and 0.05 in albedo and 0.939 for the green band; -0.01 and 0.061 in albedo, and 0.917 for the red band, respectively. The proposed D2D method is being officially used by the Korea Meteorological Administration. Except for simulating desert areas as clouds at night, the D2D model demonstrated excellent performance, generating hypothetical AMI VIS bands at day and night. Consequently, this study could significantly contribute to the monitoring and understanding of meteorological phenomena over one-third of the Earth. Additionally, the method can be extended to other geostationary weather satellites, including Himawari-8, Fengyun-4A, Meteosat Third Generation, and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites.