Abstract

This chapter takes a look at the second hypothesis that may be tested: a test for an association. An association is where one variable changes in a consistent and similar manner to another variable. There are three groups of statistical tests that can be used: chi-squared tests for association, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The chapter discusses what is meant by an association and a relationship, and issues relating to limited experimental designs and small sample sizes. Each test is illustrated with an example from undergraduate research. The statistics tests covered in the chapter are: chi-squared test for association; Spearman's rank correlation; Pearson's product moment correlation; coefficient of determination; simple linear regression; linear regression; principal axis regression; and ranged principal axis regression.

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