Hypothermic effect of melatonin and nocturnal core body temperature decline are reduced in aged women.

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In young humans, the nocturnal rise of the hypothermic hormone melatonin generates 40-50% of the circadian core body temperature (Tc) decline. The nocturnal Tc decline is reduced with aging in men. In this study we investigated whether a similar attenuation occurs in women and whether it is associated with a reduced serum concentration and/or action of melatonin. The circadian rhythms of melatonin and Tc (measured in the vagina) and the responses of both Tc (measured into the auricolar canal) and finger skin temperature to melatonin administration (100 mg at 0800) were investigated in two experiments involving young (22-32 yr) and aged (54-62 yr) women. In aged women, the nocturnal onset of the melatonin rise was phase advanced and Tc decline and Tc rhythm amplitude were reduced (P < 0.0005). The serum melatonin concentrations in aged women were similar to those of young women, but the melatonin capability to reduce Tc and increase skin temperature was markedly impaired. Our data show that, in women, an aging-associated reduction of temperature responses to melatonin is probably involved in inducing an attenuation of the nocturnal Tc decline and circadian Tc rhythm amplitude.