Abstract
Thyroid gland activity is the result of a dynamic regulating network that include the hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), the pituitary glycoprotein hormone thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and the circulating thyroid hormones with their feedback effects at the hypothalamic and pituitary levels. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) belongs to the family of pituitary glycoprotein hormones, and it controls the synthesis and the secretion of thyroid hormones. TSH secretion is mainly regulated by the stimulatory activity of the hypothalamic factor thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and by the negative feedback mechanism of circulating thyroid hormones. The present article is considering the recent progress in our understanding of the different actors of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis, explaining the complex physiology at the basis of the correct functionality of the thyroid gland.
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