Abstract
In the adult brain, well-characterized neurogenic niches are located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. In both regions, neural precursor cells (NPCs) share markers of embryonic radial glia and astroglial cells, and in vitro clonal expansion of these cells leads to neurosphere formation. It has also been more recently demonstrated that neurogenesis occurs in the adult hypothalamus, a brain structure that integrates peripheral signals to control energy balance and dietary intake. The NPCs of this region, termed tanycytes, are ependymal-glial cells, which comprise the walls of the infundibular recess of the third ventricle and contact the median eminence. Thus, tanycytes are in a privileged position to detect hormonal, nutritional and mitogenic signals. Recent studies reveal that in response to nutritional signals, tanycytes are capable of differentiating into orexigenic or anorexigenic neurons, suggesting that these cells are crucial for control of feeding behavior. In this review, we discuss evidence, which suggests that hypothalamic neurogenesis may act as an additional adaptive mechanism in order to respond to changes in diet.
Highlights
Hypothalamic Neurogenesis as an Adaptive Metabolic MechanismAntonia Recabal 1, 2, Teresa Caprile 2 and María de los Angeles García-Robles 1*. Reviewed by: Martine Migaud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7247, France Martin Holzenberger, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France
Postnatal neurogenesis corresponds to the series of events that lead to the production of new neurons in the adult brain, from precursor cell division to the survival and functional integration of newly differentiated neurons (Lledo et al, 2006)
Neurogenesis occurs in the adult hypothalamus (Evans et al, 2002; Cheng, 2013), a brain structure located at the base of the diencephalon, close to the third ventricle (3V) and in close contact to the median eminence (ME), a circumventricular organ
Summary
Antonia Recabal 1, 2, Teresa Caprile 2 and María de los Angeles García-Robles 1*. Reviewed by: Martine Migaud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7247, France Martin Holzenberger, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France. Well-characterized neurogenic niches are located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. In both regions, neural precursor cells (NPCs) share markers of embryonic radial glia and astroglial cells, and in vitro clonal expansion of these cells leads to neurosphere formation. Neural precursor cells (NPCs) share markers of embryonic radial glia and astroglial cells, and in vitro clonal expansion of these cells leads to neurosphere formation It has been more recently demonstrated that neurogenesis occurs in the adult hypothalamus, a brain structure that integrates peripheral signals to control energy balance and dietary intake. We discuss evidence, which suggests that hypothalamic neurogenesis may act as an additional adaptive mechanism in order to respond to changes in diet
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