Abstract
A series of aluminum hypophosphite (AHPi)/graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) (designated as CAHPi) hybrids were prepared, followed by incorporation into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The introduction of CAHPi hybrids into TPU led to a marked reduction in the peak of the heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release, weight loss rate, smoke production rate and total smoke production (TSP). For instance, pHRR and TSP decreased by 40% and 50% for TPU/CAHPi20. Furthermore, the increasing fire growth index and decreasing fire performance index were obtained for TPU/CAHPi systems, suggesting reduced fire hazards. It was found that improved fire safety of TPU nanocomposites was contributed by condensed phase and gas phase mechanisms. On one hand, g-C3N4 accelerated the thermal decomposition of AHPi for the formation of more char layers. On the other hand, g-C3N4 induced AHPi to generate more free radical capture agents when exposed to flame, besides protecting AHPi against thermal oxidation.
Highlights
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been widely applied due to its outstanding performances, including high tensile strength, abrasion resistance, hydrolytic stability and flexibility [1,2]
It was reported that the limiting the oxygen index (LOI) value of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites increased to 35.75 vol %, and the peak of the heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR) and smoke production decreased by 91.8%, 67.8% and 53.75%, respectively, when 19.94 wt % aluminum hypophosphite (AHPi) was incorporated with 0.06 wt % ionic liquid [Emim]PF6 [9]
The results indicated that this novel 2D material could result in superior flame-retardant, thermal, mechanical and ultraviolet light-shielding properties over modified LDH for polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) nanocomposites
Summary
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been widely applied due to its outstanding performances, including high tensile strength, abrasion resistance, hydrolytic stability and flexibility [1,2]. It was reported that the LOI value of TPU composites increased to 35.75 vol %, and the pHRR, THR and smoke production decreased by 91.8%, 67.8% and 53.75%, respectively, when 19.94 wt % AHPi was incorporated with 0.06 wt % ionic liquid [Emim]PF6 [9]. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with a two-dimensional (2D) stacking structure has been widely utilized in catalysts, lithium ion storage, optoelectronic devices, and so forth, because of its excellent thermal, chemical and optical properties [14,15,16,17,18,19,20] This material contains a small amount of –NH and/or –NH2 groups on terminal edges, resulting from incomplete polycondensation [21,22]. The thermal and fire-retardant properties of TPU nanocomposites are investigated, and the mechanism for TPU fire hazard reduction is proposed
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