Hypomineralized Primary Teeth in Preterm Low Birth Weight Children and Its Association with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization-A 3-Year-Prospective Study.

Roshan Noor Mohamed,Neena Idawara Eregowda,Shruti Girish Virupaxi,Poornima Parameshwarappa,Sakeenabi Basha

doi:10.3390/children8121111

Abstract

The present prospective study was conducted to assess the prevalence of enamel hypomineralization (EH) in primary dentition among preterm low birth weight (PT-LBW) children, incidence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the same cohorts, and to determine associations between PT-LBW, hypomineralization in primary second molars, and MIH. A total of 287 PTLBW study subjects and 290 control full-term normal birth weight subjects were followed up for 36 months. Enamel defects were recorded at baseline. The same cohorts were examined after 3 years for MIH using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. Multiple variable logistic regression models were developed. A total of 279 children (48.4%) presented with EH in primary dentition and 207 (35.9%) children presented with MIH. Children with primary second molar hypomineralization had 2.13 (R2 = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.98–4.19, p = 0.005) times higher frequency of MIH. Children with PT-LBW had 3.02 times (R2 = 0.31, 95% CI = 1.01–5.94, p = 0.005) higher frequency of MIH incidence after adjusting for childhood infection, prenatal history, and presence of hypomineralized primary second molars. To conclude, the present study showed significant association between PT-LBW, hypomineralized second primary molars, and incidence of MIH.

Highlights

Enamel hypomineralization (EH) in primary teeth and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in permanent teeth are qualitative defects of enamel resulting from disturbances during the matrix formation stage of enamel development [1,2,3]
In primary dentition [2,4,10,15,16] and for MIH from 8.6% to 21.4% in permanent dentition [9,12,17,18] depending on the geographic population, teeth examined and the method used for diagnosis of these lesions
The presence of enamel hypomineralization resulting from disturbances during matrix formation stage of enamel development increases the risk of dental caries both in primary and permanent dentition, thereby affecting a child’s quality of life [2,9,10,11,12,13,14]

Summary

Introduction

Enamel hypomineralization (EH) in primary teeth and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in permanent teeth are qualitative defects of enamel resulting from disturbances during the matrix formation stage of enamel development [1,2,3]. The etiologies of EH and MIH are considered multifactorial and may be influenced by systemic, genetic and or environmental factors, which include premature birth, underweight birth, infections, hypoxia, malnutrition, or metabolic disorders, and are often reported in higher frequency among low socioeconomic families [4,5,6,7,8,9] These hypomineralized areas are responsible for considerable esthetic problems, hypersensitivity of involved teeth and predisposition to dental caries both in primary and permanent dentition, affecting children’s quality of life [10,11,12,13,14]. Few researchers have reported enamel hypomineralization in second primary molars (SPM), which can predict molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) due to overlapping periods of mineralization between SPM and permanent first molars (PFMs) and incisors [22,23,24]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion