Abstract
All living organisms on the earth have been exposed to the geomagnetic field (GMF, ~50 mT), a nature component of the habitability environment, throughout the evolutionary history. However, the environmental magnetic field (MF) in space decreases geometrically with the distance from the ground. The MF magnitude (|B|) at the International Space Station (ISS; near-earth orbit) is similar to the GMF (~80% GMF with limited variation), except that the radial component (Br) exhibits significant variations both in direction and magnitude. The environmental MF in outer space is extremely lower than the GMF, called a hypomagnetic field (HMF), e.g., Martian MF is l5 mT, Lunar MF is l300 nT and interplanetary MF is just a few nanotesla. Thus, besides micro-gravity (m-gravity) and cosmic radiation, astronauts have to be exposed and adapt to the HMF condition when onboard in the long-term and long-distance space missions. Even though biological effects of the HMF were valued in early studies (1960s), exploration of the space HMF has not rapidly progressed in the following decades...
Highlights
All living organisms on the earth have been exposed to the geomagnetic field (GMF, ~50 μT), a nature component of the habitability environment, throughout the evolutionary history
The environmental MF in outer space is extremely lower than the GMF, called a hypomagnetic field (HMF), e.g., Martian MF is
Considering the strength of MF in the near-earth orbit is about 80% of the GMF, the effects of μ-gravity and radiation are more observable than HMF in the short-term and short-distance space missions
Summary
All living organisms on the earth have been exposed to the geomagnetic field (GMF, ~50 μT), a nature component of the habitability environment, throughout the evolutionary history. Besides micro-gravity (μ-gravity) and cosmic radiation, astronauts have to be exposed and adapt to the HMF condition when onboard in the long-term and long-distance space missions. Even though biological effects of the HMF were valued in early studies (1960s), exploration of the space HMF has not rapidly progressed in the following decades.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
