Hypolipidemic Effects and Preliminary Mechanism of Chrysanthemum Flavonoids, Its Main Components Luteolin and Luteoloside in Hyperlipidemia Rats.

Jihan Sun,Lin Chen,Zhaodan Wang,Guiju Sun

doi:10.3390/antiox10081309

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the key constituents and preliminary mechanism for the hypolipidemic activity of chrysanthemum flavonoids. Hyperlipidemia (HPL) rats were divided into five groups: the model control group (MC); Chrysanthemum flavone intervention group (CF); luteolin intervention group; luteoloside intervention group and simvastatin intervention group. The body weight, organ coefficient, serum lipids, antioxidant activity, and lipid metabolism enzymes were detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the liver and adipose tissue. Chrysanthemum flavonoids, luteolin, and luteoloside can reduce the weight and levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and LDL-C, and increase the level of HDL-C in the blood and reduce liver steatosis. Indicators of liver function (AST, ALT, and ALP) improved. The antioxidant activity (GSH-Px, CAT, SOD) and enzymes associated with lipid catabolism (FAβO, CYP7A1, and HL) increased, while lipid peroxidation products (MDA) and enzymes associated with lipid synthesis (FAS, HMG-CoA, and DGAT) decreased. Chrysanthemum flavonoids had a better effect on the antioxidant level and lipid metabolism-related enzyme activity. There was no significant difference in the effects of the chrysanthemum flavonoids, luteolin, and Luteoloside on improving blood lipids and hepatic steatosis—mechanisms that may be related to antioxidant levels and regulating enzymes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the liver. However, chrysanthemum flavonoids had a stronger antioxidant and lipid metabolism regulation ability, and the long-term effects may be better.

Highlights

Introduction published maps and institutional affilFlavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and other phytochemicals in flowers have anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obesity, and neuroprotective effects, which provide the theoretical basis for their health benefits [1].In the latest Chinese pharmacopeia (2015 edition), among 521 Chinese herbal medicines, 28 were flower-derived [2]
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution (0.5%) was used to prepare gastric gavage fluid, and the concentrations of the chrysanthemum flavonoids, luteolin, luteoloside and simvastatin were 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, and 1 mg/mL, respectively, which was equivalent to the intervention dose chrysanthemum flavonoids of 100 mg/kg, luteolin
The results revealed that the body weight gains of rats in the model groups were significantly higher than the NC group, and the weight gains in the Chrysanthemum flavonoids, Luteolin, and Luteoloside groups were lower than that in the model control group (MC) group (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

Flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and other phytochemicals in flowers have anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obesity, and neuroprotective effects, which provide the theoretical basis for their health benefits [1]. In the latest Chinese pharmacopeia (2015 edition), among 521 Chinese herbal medicines, 28 were flower-derived [2]. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.), the most representative flower-derived dietary herbal medicine, has been used for more than 2000 years in China and has been recorded in the Chinese pharmacopeia since 1967 [3]. Its flower head, named Juhua in Chinese, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, as a food supplement, and in herb tea [4]. Flavonoids are the major compounds in chrysanthemum and are responsible for their colorful appearance.

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