Abstract
The effect of consuming breads made with wheat flour and Amaranth (Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell.) wholemeal flour on Sprague Dawley rats with hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia induced through feeding was studied. Four diets were provided: control (CD: Ratarina®), commercial bread (CBD), bread with 100 g·kg−1 (ABD10) and 200 g·kg−1 (ABD20) amaranth flour. Zoometric and blood chemistry parameters were measured before and after consuming the diets. A completely random factorial design of 2 × 4 × 2 was used. The factors were blood lipids and glucose level (normal, N and elevated, E), diet (CD, CBD, ABD10 and ABD20) and sex (female, F and male, M). The rats consuming ABD10 and ABD20 diets presented the lowest glucose values, although with no differences (p > 0.05) between the groups of elevated blood lipids and glucose rats (E). Triglyceride concentrations decreased in ABD10 and ABD20 treatments in comparison with CD, elevated blood lipids and glucose (E) rats, while ABD10 rats showed lower total cholesterol level than normal (N) rats. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values increased in the ABD10 and ABD20 groups (p < 0.05), while it did lower for very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiac risk index (p < 0.05). In ABD10 and ABD20 treatments, the abdominal circumference decreased in both sexes (p < 0.05) between weeks 23 and 31. In conclusion, consumption of bread with amaranth improved lipid profiles of rats and could help to prevent metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
Highlights
The main causes of morbidity and mortality in Western countries, Asia and the Pacific are cardiovascular disease and diabetes [1,2]
(p < 0.05), total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.05), TG (p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.001) values, which increased in rats consuming sucrose water
This group displayed a reduction in Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) (p < 0.001), TC/LDL-C
Summary
The main causes of morbidity and mortality in Western countries, Asia and the Pacific are cardiovascular disease and diabetes [1,2]. The main risk factors for atherosclerosis and diabetes are hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia [3,4], which are directly related to diet and lifestyle [2,5,6]. Western-type diets, rich in saturated fats, simple carbohydrates and low in fibre, are recognized as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and diabetes [2]. There is a worldwide need to seek alternative foods in order to improve the nutritional status of the population and to prevent the incidence of metabolic diseases associated with the intake of certain foods Consuming cereals and pseudocereals helps to prevent diseases associated with metabolic syndromes [10,11,12].
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