Abstract
Phytochemical extracts with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity are widely used in processed foods with hypoglycemic effect. However the interactions between these phytochemical extracts and prescribed medicines have not yet been investigated. The leaf extract of Morus alba (LEM) shows the competitive inhibition to α-glucosidase. This single- blinded, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of LEM on postprandial glucose and insulin levels in type 2 diabetes patients treated with or without sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents (SU). Blood was collected from patients and healthy subjects at the indicated times after the ingestion of jelly containing LEM. A hydrogen breath test was performed simultaneously in healthy subjects to detect undigested sucrose in the jelly, which is fermented by intestinal microbes to produce hydrogen. Postprandial elevations in glucose and insulin levels were significantly suppressed in patients with and without SU treatment after ingestion of jelly containing LEM, compared to placebo jelly (p<0.05). Elevations in glucose and insulin levels were suppressed and the excretion of breath hydrogen gas was markedly increased in healthy subjects after ingestion of jelly containing LEM. These results suggest that LEM can suppress the postprandial elevation of glucose and insulin independent of SU treatment. These results could help to improve food processing for diet therapy in diabetes.
Highlights
Phytochemical extracts with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity have been shown to suppress postprandial increases in glucose and insulin levels
Containing leaf extract of Morus alba (LEM) significantly suppressed the postprandial increases in blood glucose and insulin in patients treated with sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents (SU) and in untreated patients, compared to placebo jelly
Insulin secretion was significantly suppressed by LEM jelly in patients both with and without SU treatment (p
Summary
Phytochemical extracts with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity have been shown to suppress postprandial increases in glucose and insulin levels. They are widely used in processed foods that have been developed to prevent lifestyle-related diseases. The leaf extract of Morus alba (LEM) has a suppressive effect on postprandial glucose [1,2,3]. We previously clarified that confections containing LEM suppressed postprandial elevations of glucose and insulin in healthy subjects [8]. The range of insulin concentrations and the variety of medical treatments mean that more detailed studies are needed to evaluate the suppressive effects of LEM on postprandial glucose and insulin in diabetic patients
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