Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract. This study also investigated phytochemical analysis of the extract and improvement in the islet of Langerhans.Methods: Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects were evaluated using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Twenty-five Wistar rats devided into five groups, that are normal group, control group that induced by alloxan 125 mg/kg body weight and given CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), and three treatment group that induced by alloxan and given Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract (AMLEE) with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose and total cholesterol levels were measured before and after alloxan induction, and 21 d after AMLEE treatment. At the end of the study, all of the animals experiment were sacrificed for histopathological examination.Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phytosterols and phenols were present in ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf. At the end of the study, blood glucose and total cholesterol levels in all AMLEE treated group were decreased significantly (p<0.05). Final blood glucose level in the groups that given AMLEE 50 mg/kg body weight (86.7±14.6 mg/dl) was almost the same with that of the normal group (91.25±28.38 mg/dl). The result of the histopathological examination is not showed an improvement of the islet of Langerhans in AMLEE treated groups.Conclusion: In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. However, there was no improvement in the islet of Langerhans damage.
Highlights
Diabetes is a disease characterised by abnormal glucose metabolism, a risk of developing microvascular complications specific to diabetes and a markedly increased risk of developing macrovascular complications [1]
The results of preliminary phytochemical analysis of Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract were given in table 1
The results revealed that flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phytosterols, and phenols were present in the extract
Summary
Diabetes is a disease characterised by abnormal glucose metabolism, a risk of developing microvascular complications specific to diabetes and a markedly increased risk of developing macrovascular complications [1]. Diabetes plays an important role in the oxidative stress and abnormal lipid metabolism that leads dyslipidemia, a frequent complication of diabetes [2]. Drugs that have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects are very useful to manage diabetic and its complications. Herbal remedies have been used traditionally in many parts of the world to cure several diseases. (Soursop) which belongs to the family of Annonaceae is an evergreen tree species used as traditional medicines. It has been reported to have anticarcinogenic and genotoxic, antiviral, antifungal, antihelmin, analgesic and antipyretic, hypotensive, antiinflammatory, and immune enhancing effects [4 -5]
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