Abstract
To evaluate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Salvadora persica aqueous extracts on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by measuring fasting blood glucose levels, lipid profiles and histopathological analysis of pancreas. Experimental Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) to albino Wistar rats. Salvadora persica extracts were administered orally at 250 and 500 mg/kg dose levels for 21 days. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed on 16 h fasted rats and changes in blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and histopathology of pancreas were performed. At a dose level of 500 mg/kg, blood glucose 85.25 ± 13.20 mg/dl, total cholesterol (TC) 114.57 ± 15.81(mg/dl), triglycerides (TG) 75.40 ± 16.47(mg/dl), LDL 42.63 ± 13.17(mg/dl), VLDL 22.78 ± 1.88(mg/dl), and elevation of HDL 44.88 ± 11.61(mg/dl) were found in comparison with diabetic control on 28(th) day by Arabic origin Salvadora persica. It also accelerated the regeneration of β-cells in experimental animal's pancreas to 32.6 ± 2.4 compared to diabetic control animal's pancreas of 8.1 ± 0.5 at the end of 28(th) day. This study confirmed that Arabic Salvadora persica aqueous extracts at 500 mg/kg dose level, in comparison to other extracts (Indian Salvadora persica, 250 and 500 mg/kg, Arabic Salvadora persica 250 mg/kg) possessed significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities and regenerated pancreatic β-cells in streptozotocin treated diabetic rats.
Highlights
This study confirmed that Arabic Salvadora persica aqueous extracts at 500 mg/kg dose level, in comparison to other extracts (Indian Salvadora persica, 250 and 500 mg/kg, Arabic Salvadora persica 250 mg/kg) possessed significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities and regenerated pancreatic β-cells in streptozotocin treated diabetic rats
A significant hypoglycemic effect was evident from the first week onwards, decrease in blood glucose levels was more prominent in the third week in groups receiving ISpAq and ASpAq (250 and 500 mg/kg)
The potential of β-sitosterol and its various analogs found in Salvadora persica are well known as promising antidiabetics and antioxidants, this can provide a clue towards the hypoglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic activities, improved oral glucose tolerance effect, and regeneration of β-cells of pancreas recorded in the present study
Summary
Salvadora persica plant possessed antimicrobial, antiplaque, aphrodisiac, alexiteric, antipyretic, astringent, diuretic, stomachic activities. It has great medicinal uses by herbalists and common man in treatment of nose troubles, piles, scabies, leucoderma, gonorrhea, boils, toothache, hook worm, venereal diseases, to lower cholesterol plasma levels, re-establishment of the components of gastric mucosa, and as a laxative. Trovato et al observed hypoglycemic effect, an increase in plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and an incremented oral-glucose tolerance in normal rats with significant decrease in mean body weights, when treated with a stem decoction of Salvadora persica. The present study confirmed the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Salvadora persica obtained from two distinct geographical sources, i.e., Saudi Arabia and India, in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic Wistar rats observed over 4 weeks.
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