Hypoglycemic and Antimicrobial Properties of Parkia biglobosa, Lannea humilis Stem Bark and KO-888 Methanol Extracts as a Target for Treatment of Diabetic Wounds

Abstract

Diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency or insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia and a lowered immune response when the individual is exposed to infection, increasing the risk of a delay in wound healing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic and antimicrobial properties of Parkia biglobosa, Lannea humilis stem bark methanol extracts, and KO-888 (Jigsimur). These plants’ stem barks were extracted with methanol using soxhlet extraction. The phytochemical screening of the extracts and KO-888 was carried out using standard procedures. Hypoglycemia was induced in 45 male albino rats divided into 9 groups of 5 each, and extracts were administered orally with 2.5 mg/kg of glucose and treated with various doses of the extracts and KO-888. The antibacterial properties of the extracts and KO-888 were tested against pure isolates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. The formulated extracts and KO-888 were tested on 25 male rats grouped into 5 groups of 5 rats each and applied topically to the excised wound for 20 days. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, hydrogen cyanides, glycosides, alkaloids, phenols, and terpenoids with copious concentrations of glycosides, alkaloids, and terpenoids in the plant extracts. While, steroids, hydrogen cyanides, alkaloids, and terpenoids were absent in K0-888 compared to the plant extracts. The hypoglycemic effect of the extracts and KO-888 showed a significant (p=.05) decrease in blood glucose levels at all doses, similar to glibenclamide. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts showed a similar effect as compared to penicillin on the bacterial isolates. However, KO-888 was effective against Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. with a significant (p=.001) antibacterial activity at 25 mg/ml. The extracts and KO-888 were more potent than penicillin at a significant (p=.001) level of wound closure. Hence, these extracts may be formulated and used as herbal remedies, especially for diabetes, since the effect is similar to that of KO-888, which is a known commercial herbal remedy.