Hypocholesterolaemic and Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Palm-Based Oils (NoveLin I and NoveLin II) in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits

Che Anishas Che Idris,Siew Wai Lin,Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis

doi:10.3390/ijerph17093226

Abstract

NoveLin I and NoveLin II are palm-based oils. NoveLin I has an equal distribution of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereas NoveLin II has a moderate level of monounsaturated fatty acids, and a lower content of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, their hypocholesterolaemic and anti-atherogenic effects have not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the hypocholesterolaemic and anti-atherogenic effects of these oils. Forty male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups and fed with diets containing 35% energy fat with added 0.15% (w/w) dietary cholesterol. Group 1, as the control group (CNO) was fed with a diet containing coconut oil, group 2 and 3 were fed with diets containing either NoveLin I or NoveLin II, and group 4, was fed with diet containing olive oil (OLV) for 100 days. Our results demonstrated that both NoveLin groups have significantly lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (LDL–C) compared to CNO group and are comparable to the OLV group. Low density lipoprotein–cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL/HDL–C) ratio was significantly lower after the NoveLin II diet but attained significance only in comparison to NoveLin I and CNO groups. Aortic fibrous plaque score was significantly lower in both NoveLin groups compared to CNO group. Our findings suggest that despite the high-fat cholesterol diet, NoveLin II oil resulted in atherogenic effects comparable to olive oil.

Highlights

Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease, which is the mutual cause of death in developed countries [1,2]
Our results demonstrated that both NoveLin groups have significantly lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (LDL–C) compared to control group (CNO) group and are comparable to the OLV group
Our findings suggest that despite the high-fat cholesterol diet, NoveLin II oil resulted in atherogenic effects comparable to olive oil

Summary

Introduction

Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease, which is the mutual cause of death in developed countries [1,2]. The atherosclerosis process initiates as a protective response to injuries to the endothelium and smooth muscle cells of the arterial wall and leads to atherosclerotic plaque formation [2]. This in turn narrows, and may block, the lumen of the affected artery. Atherosclerosis is responsible for myocardial ischemia/infarction, stroke, aortic aneurysms and peripheral vascular diseases [2]. Atherosclerosis lesions in animals and humans seem to be associated with elevated plasma total cholesterol (TC), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL–C), increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL–C) and over-consumption of fat [4].

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