Hyphobacterium

Abstract

Abstract Hy.pho.bac.te'ri.um. Gr. fem. n. hyphê a web, thread; L. neut. n. bacterium a small rod; N.L. neut. n. Hyphobacterium a thread‐producing rod. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Caulobacterales / Hyphomonadaceae / Hyphobacterium The genus Hyphobacterium accommodates mesophilic, neutrophilic, and chemoorganotrophic bacteria. Cells of the genus Hyphobacterium are Gram‐stain‐negative, aerobic, non‐spore‐forming, and oval‐to‐rod‐shaped, multiply by binary fission and show two lifetypes, one with a prostheca for attachment to other objects and the other with a polar flagellum for motility. Growth occurs in a wide range of NaCl concentrations (1–6%) and temperatures (10–45°C). No growth is observed without NaCl. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Hyphobacterium members can utilize substrates including monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids. Cells contain both glycolipids and phospholipids, indicating that the habitat or the phosphorus accumulation mechanism of Hyphobacterium strains may differ from its closely related members. The main glycolipids are monoglycosyl diglyceride (MGDG), glucuronopyranosyl diglyceride (GUDG), and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), and the main phospholipids are phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). The major isoprenoid quinone is ubiquinone‐10 (Q‐10). The most abundant fatty acid is C 18:1 ω7 c with or without iso‐C 17:1 ω9 c . The known habitat is seawater. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 59.8 (HPLC); 60.9 (genome sequence). Type species : Hyphobacterium vulgare Sun et al. 2017 VP .