Abstract
Hyphessobrycon uaiso is described from the upper rio Paraná basin, rio Grande drainage, Minas Gerais State. The new species differs from its congeners by the short anal fin with 12-17 branched rays, and dorsal fin with ii,7-8 rays. Besides, it can be distinguished by the presence of i,5-6 pelvic fin rays, and by the coloration of the eyes (in life), slightly blue on the lower half and blackish on the upper half. New records of Hyphessobryconare recognized for the upper rio Paraná basin: H. eilyos Lima & Moreira, H. guarani Mahnert & Géry, and H. herbertaxelrodi Géry. The knowledge status about the ichthyofauna from the upper rio Paraná basin and comments about the type material of some species of Hyphessobrycon are briefly discussed.
Highlights
Hyphessobrycon Durbin is one of richest genus of Characidae, with approximately 130 valid species, widely distributed on the Neotropical region from Mexico to Argentina (Eschmeyer, 2013)
The results (Mirande, 2009, 2010; Malabarba, 2012), clearly showed that the genus Hyphessobrycon is not monophyletic and its type species is not close related to some species of Hyphessobrycon [e.g. H. anisitsi (Eigenmann), H. bifasciatus Ellis, H. elachys Weitzman, H. herbertaxelrodi Géry, H. luetkenii (Boulenger)], but to some taxa belonging to the putative ‘rosy tetra clade’ of Weitzman & Palmer (1997), such as H. eques (Steindachner), H. pulchripinnis (Ahl), H. socolofi (Weitzman), and Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill)
The new species described is not a member of the genus Hyphessobrycon sensu stricto, but presents the traditional diagnostic characters proposed by Eigenmann (1917, 1918)
Summary
Hyphessobrycon uaiso: new characid fish from the rio Grande lateral line incomplete; premaxillary teeth in two series, the inner series with five teeth; second suborbital (= third infraorbital sensu Weitzman, 1962) not in contact with the preopercle ventrally; few maxillary teeth; caudal fin naked, and adipose fin present. The new species described is not a member of the genus Hyphessobrycon sensu stricto (which includes those species related to the type species), but presents the traditional diagnostic characters proposed by Eigenmann (1917, 1918). Due to the urgency for the description of new taxa of Neotropical fishes whose habitats are facing increasing and deleterious anthropogenic changes, we describe this new species in the traditional concept of the genus Hyphessobrycon until the proposal of the relationships of the genus, an ongoing study by the senior author, is presented
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