Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) exhibit unique magnetic properties making them ideally suited for a variety of biomedical applications. Depending on the desired magnetic effect, MNPs must meet special magnetic requirements which are mainly determined by their structural properties (e.g., size distribution). The hyphenation of chromatographic separation techniques with complementary detectors is capable of providing multidimensional information of submicron particles. Although various methods have already been combined for this approach, so far, no detector for the online magnetic analysis was used. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) has been proven a straightforward technique for specific quantification and characterization of MNPs. It combines high sensitivity with high temporal resolution; both of these are prerequisites for a successful hyphenation with chromatographic separation. We demonstrate the capability of MPS to specifically detect and characterize MNPs under usually applied asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) conditions (flow rates, MNP concentration, different MNP types). To this end MPS has been successfully integrated into an A4F multidetector platform including dynamic ligth scattering (DLS), multi-angle light scattering (MALS) and ultraviolet (UV) detection. Our system allows for rapid and comprehensive characterization of typical MNP samples for the systematic investigation of structure-dependent magnetic properties. This has been demonstrated by magnetic analysis of the commercial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent Ferucarbotran (FER) during hydrodynamic A4F fractionation.
Highlights
Nanotechnology holds tremendous potential for new-generation products, materials, and applications in various industrial sectors.In the field of medicine and pharmacy, colloidal dispersions of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) take a central role as diagnostic and therapeutic tools
This study aims to demonstrate the suitability of Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) to detect and characterize MNPs under prevailing A4F conditions
MNP fluids with the same iron content showed the MPS sensitivity may differ more than one order of magnitude for different MNP compositions
Summary
In the field of medicine and pharmacy, colloidal dispersions of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) take a central role as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. They are mainly made of an iron oxide core stabilized by a monomer or polymer shell. Their magnetic properties and low toxicity make them ideally suitable for a broad spectrum of biomedical applications, such as cancer-targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, cell separation, tumor thermoablation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic particle imaging (MPI) [1,2,3]. The structural parameters substantially influence the behaviour of MNPs in the living organism (biodistribution, biodegradation, clearance) and may be more decisive than the chemical composition of their capping layer or core [5,6]
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