Abstract
Impact cratering experiments were performed on semi-infinite concrete targets with 7 mm-diameter 40CrNiMo steel long-rod projectiles at impact velocities ranging from 2117 m/s to 3086 m/s by using a two-stage combustion light-gas gun. After the impact experiments, the crater diameter and depth as well as the crater volume were carefully measured. The concrete fragments were collected from the target chamber and the fragment mass was measured. The size of the crater (including the volume, diameter, and depth) and the fragment mass increased with increasing impact velocities, while the fragment distributions at different impact velocities were almost the same. Scaling laws for the crater volume impacted by the rod-shaped projectile were discussed and an empirical formula of crater volume was determined by the experimental data from the literature. Through the verification of the present experimental results, the predictive ability of the empirical formula proved to be reliable. Scaling laws for the size distribution of concrete fragments were also discussed. The normalized fragment mass distribution was proportional to the impact velocity raised to the power 1.5.
Highlights
With the development of hypersonic vehicle technology, it has been possible to load warheads at multiple or even tens of times the velocity of sound
For the hypervelocity impact cratering experimental studies of projectiles penetrating semi-infinite concrete targets, Wu Kong et al [1] performed steel projectile penetration tests on targets made from mortar with velocities ranging from 0.51 to 1.85 km/s, where projectiles with a diameter of 6 mm
The scaling laws for crater volume impacted by a rod-shaped projectile were discussed and an empirical formula for crater volume was determined with the existing test data of Kong et al [1] and Qian et al [2]
Summary
With the development of hypersonic vehicle technology, it has been possible to load warheads at multiple or even tens of times the velocity of sound. Due to the limitations of laboratory launching technology, there are only a few experimental studies available, dealing with the hypervelocity impact of long-rod projectiles on concrete targets. For the hypervelocity impact cratering experimental studies of projectiles penetrating semi-infinite concrete targets, Wu Kong et al [1] performed steel projectile penetration tests on targets made from mortar with velocities ranging from 0.51 to 1.85 km/s, where projectiles with a diameter of 6 mm. Five shots of flat-nose long-rod steel projectiles impacting on semi-infinite concrete targets were conducted, with impact velocities ranging from 2117 to 3086 m/s. The scaling laws for crater volume impacted by a rod-shaped projectile were discussed and an empirical formula for crater volume was determined with the existing test data of Kong et al [1] and Qian et al [2]. The scaling laws for the size distribution of the concrete fragments were discussed briefly
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