Hypertriglyceridemia impact on arterial parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome

Egidija Rinkūnienė,Vilma Dženkevičiūtė,Ligita Ryliškytė,Roma Puronaitė,Aleksandras Laucevičius,Jolita Badarienė,Žaneta Petrulionienė,Eglė Majauskienė,Rokas Navickas

doi:10.1186/s12872-021-02202-3

Abstract

BackgroundThe development of metabolic syndrome (MS) augments risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), but pathophysiological mechanisms of this relation are still under discussion. Overlapping CVD risk factors make it difficult to assess the importance of individual elements. This study aimed to analyze subclinical atherosclerosis based on arterial structure and function parameters in patients with MS and different triglycerides levels.MethodsPatients (aged 40–65 years) were divided into two groups: patients with MS and with or without hypertriglyceridemia (hTG). Noninvasive assessment of vascular parameters—aortic augmentation index adjusted for heart rate 75 bpm (AIxHR75), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) were performed.ResultsCarotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV) and carotid-radial PWV (crPWV) were significantly higher in patients with hTG. After adjusting for age, gender, waist circumference, fasting glucose, smoking status, cardiovascular family history and mean arterial pressure, crPWV (OR 1.150; CI 95% 1.04–1.28), cfPWV (OR 1.283; CI 95% 1.14–1.42) and cIMT (OR 1.13; CI 95% 1.02–1.25) were significantly associated with hTG (p < 0.05), while AIxHR75 did not show significant association.ConclusionIncreased triglycerides are independently associated with a cfPWV, crPWV, and cIMT and may modify CVD risk in patients with MS.

Highlights

The development of metabolic syndrome (MS) augments risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), but pathophysiological mechanisms of this relation are still under discussion
MS, metabolic syndrome; hTG, hypertriglyceridemia; Carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; carotid-radial PWV (crPWV), carotid-radial pulse wave velocity; AIxHR75, aortic augmentation index adjusted for a heart rate 75 bpm; cIMT, an average of common carotid artery intima-media thickness statistically insignificant
The current study showed a disparity in aortic AIxHR75—the patients with lower TG levels had higher AIxHR75, but it disappeared after adjusted influencing variables

Summary

Introduction

The development of metabolic syndrome (MS) augments risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), but pathophysiological mechanisms of this relation are still under discussion. The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of obesity-associated cardiovascular risk factors including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia (hTG), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and increased blood pressure. The pathophysiological mechanism by which the MS increases cardiovascular risk remains under debate. Studies have shown that the increased grade of obesity and MS score are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and a greater incidence of coronary heart disease. Insulin resistance could promote atherosclerosis through mechanisms that involve systemic factors, such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and a proinflammatory state, through the mechanisms at the cellular level [5, 6]. Clear evidence indicates that cytokines, for instance, adipokines, hepatokines, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6), myokines, and osteokines, contribute substantially to the development of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism [9]

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