Abstract
Hypertonic saline (HTS) is a solution containing higher molar concentrations of sodium and chloride. HTS has been in clinical use for many decades. Due to its osmotic and volume expanding properties, it is being increasingly used for management of a variety of conditions; most notably raised intracranial pressure (ICP) from multiple etiologies, resuscitation during shock and removal of thick respiratory secretions. Commonly used and easily available in the Western states, few hospitals in Pakistan use HTS owing to a lack of awareness, associated costs and poor availability. The objective of this review is to provide an update on recent knowledge gained on hypertonic saline solution use in clinical settings. in this review, we discuss the historical background, mechanism of action, clinical indications and adverse effects of HTS and discuss trials assessing their clinical utility.
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