Abstract
Objective: In this study, the hyperthermia effect on the viability of human normal breast (MCF-10A) and cancer (MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7) cells was evaluated by MTT assay.
 Methods: Cells were exposed to heat at 38ºC, 39ºC, 40ºC, 41ºC, 42ºC, 43ºC, and 44ºC for five different durations of heat exposure (0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h). Breakpoint temperatures of MCF-10A, MDA-MB 231, and MCF-7 were determined using cumulative equivalent 43°C (CEM43) model. This model was first time used to calculate thermal isoeffect dose (TID) for MCF-10A, MDA-MB 231, and MCF-7.
 Results: MCF-10A started to die at 42°C for 3 h while MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 need a temperature of 38°C for 0.5 h; thus, they were identified as the threshold temperatures in CEM43 model. Furthermore, the effect of “43°C incubator 2 h” had similar total thermal dose as “44°C incubator 0.5 h” for MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7. In addition, “43°C incubator 3 h” effect had also almost the same thermal dose as “44°C incubator 1 h” for MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7.
 Conclusion: A better understanding of the significant correlations between CEM43 and response parameters in clinical trials could be useful to treat breast cancer patients.
Highlights
Breast cancer is a major global health problem and the most common invasive cancer in women of all ethnic backgrounds
Heat shock treatment on the viability of MCF-10A, MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 cell lines In the present study, hyperthermia-induced cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assay which confirmed that hyperthermia stress greatly decreased cell viability of MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 cells with increasing temperature and duration of heat exposure while MCF-10A cells were maintained the same number as before hyperthermia treatment from 37°C to 42° C for 2 h
There was a significant statistical difference when the percentage viability of MCF-10A, MDA-MB 231, and MCF-7 cells after the treatment was compared with the control (100%) (p
Summary
Breast cancer is a major global health problem and the most common invasive cancer in women of all ethnic backgrounds. There are many attempts with a multitude of novel therapeutic concepts the conventional methods based on surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or their combinations steadily develop [3]. At least 18 randomized studies have demonstrated that the synergistic effects of combining hyperthermia with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both to achieve better therapeutic effects [5]. This was demonstrated for the breast, cervix, head and neck, pancreas, bladder, esophagus, prostate, lung, vulva/vagina cancers, and for melanoma. Hyperthermia has shown great potential in overcoming multidrug resistant (e.g. doxorubicin) which may result in the accumulation of chemotherapy agents within the target cells [6]
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