Abstract
Abstract Hypertensive emergencies can manifest with a range of acute hypertension-mediated organ damage. This chapter reviews the epidemiology and common pathophysiological mechanisms causing the development of such emergencies. It discusses differences in clinical presentations of specific organ-specific damage such as hypertensive encephalopathy, malignant hypertension with retinal lesions, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary oedema, coronary ischaemia, acute aortic dissection, and renal failure. The chapter also reviews the evidence and current recommendations on appropriate management of these acute states and justification of preferable strategies for blood pressure reduction. Overall, the chapter aims to encourage a holistic approach to the management of these potentially life-threatening and often underdiagnosed forms of clinical emergency.
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