Hypertension during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Hypertension during pregnancy poses a substantial risk to maternal and fetal health. This systematic review aims to synthesize the existing literature on the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of hypertension during pregnancy. To comprehensively assess the global landscape of hypertension during pregnancy by identifying and analyzing eligible studies. We systematically searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science, from inception until December 2023. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined criteria. Data were extracted, and the quality of included studies was assessed. Meta-analysis was performed where appropriate. Among the 56 eligible studies, the pooled prevalence of hypertension during pregnancy was 12.3% (95% CI: 10.1%–14.5%). Common risk factors included maternal age >35 years (33.5%), obesity (27.8%), and previous hypertensive conditions (18.6%). Maternal complications were observed in 45.2% of cases, with preterm birth (23.7%) and low birth weight (18.9%) being predominant adverse outcomes. Variations in prevalence and risk factors were noted across geographic regions. This systematic review underscores the global burden of hypertension during pregnancy and its association with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Key risk factors highlight the importance of targeted interventions and antenatal care strategies. Further research is needed to understand regional disparities and improve prevention and management strategies.