Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of hypertension on tissue response and biomineralization capacity of white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), High-plasticity MTA (MTA HP), and Biodentine® (BDT) in rats. Polyethylene tubes filled with MTA, MTA HP, BDT, and the control group (empty tubes) were placed into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of 32 male rats (16 normotensive (NT) and 16 hypertensive rats - 8 per group). After 7 and 30 days, the polyethylene tubes surrounded by connective tissue were removed, fixed, and embedded in histological resin. The mean number of inflammatory cells was estimated in HE-stained sections, biomineralization was quantified as area (µm2) by Kossa (VK) staining, and examination by polarized light (LP) microscopy was performed. The differences amongst the groups were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney or Student's t test, according to Shapiro-Wilk test of normality (p < 0.05). The inflammatory responses to all materials were greater in hypertensive rats than in NT rats (p < 0.05). Positive VK staining in MTA and BDT were more pronounced in NT rats at 7 and 30 days (p < 0.05). Birefringent structures in LP for MTA, MTA HP, and BDT were more pronounced in NT rats at 7 days (p<0.05). In rats, hypertension was able to increase inflammatory infiltrate and decrease biomineralization of the tested materials.
Highlights
Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic inflammatory disease diagnosed when systolic blood pressure exceeds 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure exceeds 90 mmHg.[1,2] In contemporary society, blood pressure levels increase continuously with age.[1,2,3] Over the years, people are more exposed to risk factors for HTN such as excessive consumption of sodium, insufficient consumption of potassium, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyles, and obesity, as well as genetic predisposition.[4,5]It is estimated that approximately one in every four adults has HTN.[6]
As HTN is a disease related to inflammatory disorders and can interfere with the biomineralization process, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether HTN interferes in the tissue response to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), MTA HP, and Biodentine® in rat subcutaneous tissues
The present study shows that HTN is able to increase tissue inflammation and decrease the biomineralization capacity of calcium silicate-based repair cements
Summary
Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic inflammatory disease diagnosed when systolic blood pressure exceeds 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure exceeds 90 mmHg.[1,2] In contemporary society, blood pressure levels increase continuously with age.[1,2,3] Over the years, people are more exposed to risk factors for HTN such as excessive consumption of sodium, insufficient consumption of potassium, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyles, and obesity, as well as genetic predisposition.[4,5]. It is estimated that approximately one in every four adults has HTN.[6] This population is more prone to cerebrovascular accident, heart failure, myocardial infarction, arterial aneurysm, chronic renal failure, and cognitive impairment. HTN is one of the major causes of mortality and incapacitation in the world.[1,2,3,6] HTN can modify calcium metabolism
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