Hyperspectral remote sensing in environmental monitoring: Detailed mapping of asbestos concrete in sheeting and in areas of illegal stocking

Abstract

Summary Hyperspectral Remote Sensing has shown excellent attitude in recognition and identification of manmade surfaces. In particular the analysis of MIVIS (Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer) remote sensed data led to the identification of different surface materials used for construction purposes, such as the asbestos concrete sheeting. These surfaces, used in both agricultural and urban buildings, represent a strong environmental problem since they proved to have a toxic influence on human health, causing pathogenic potential effects on the respiratory system. In fact, the asbestos fibers present in the concrete matrix can be diffused in the environment due to the processes occurring on the surfaces exposed to the action of weathering agents (icing, acid rains, winds, etc.). In Italy the law (n.257/1992) forbade any use of asbestos derived materials and, for what it concerns asbestos concrete, provided the Public Administration to take a census of the asbestos concrete sheeting. In this framework hyperspectral remote sensing from airborne platforms has revealed to be a useful methodology to take a census of artificial surfaces in urban and agricultural areas. Remote sensed data, processed and integrated by other information layers through GIS techniques, have also allowed to locate and map the asbestos concrete sheeting, setting up an useful instrument for urban planning policy in monitoring and managing asbestos problems.