Abstract
The accumulation of metals in soil harms human health through different channels. Therefore, it is very important to conduct fast and effective non-destructive prediction of metals in the soil. In this study, we investigate the characteristics of four metal contents, namely, Sb, Pb, Cr, and Co, in the soil of the Houzhai River Watershed in Guizhou Province, China, and establish the content prediction back propagation (BP) neural network and genetic-ant colony algorithm BP (GAACA-BP) neural network models based on hyperspectral data. Results reveal that the four metals in the soil have different degrees of accumulation in the study area, and the correlation between them is significant, indicating that their sources may be similar. The fitting effect and accuracy of the GAACA-BP model are greatly improved compared with those of the BP model. The R values are above 0.7, the MRE is reduced to between 6% and 15%, and the validation accuracy is increased by 12–64%. The prediction ability of the model of the four metals is Cr > Co > Sb > Pb. These results indicate the possibility of using hyperspectral techniques to predict metal content.
Highlights
As one of the important directions of soil remediation, the prevention and control of metal pollution in soil has received more and more attention from all walks of life
Descriptive statistical analysis of conventional indicators, such as maximum (Max), minimum (Min), mean, standard deviation (Stdev), and coefficient of variation (CV), for soil metal content was performed in Excel, correlation analysis was performed in SPSS 19.0 (International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA), visualization of correlation coefficient (R) based on RStudio (Auckland University, New Zealand), and kriging interpolation was conducted using the spatial analysis tool of ArcGIS 10.2
The four metal elements are generally higher in cultivated land and lower in forest, indicating that the accumulation of metals in soil may be caused by the application of agricultural materials, such as fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and pesticides in agricultural activities
Summary
As one of the important directions of soil remediation, the prevention and control of metal pollution in soil has received more and more attention from all walks of life. Sb pollution sources include municipal waste, mining smelting, and combustion emissions containing Sb fuel [5]. The toxicity and carcinogenicity of Sb have been confirmed [7] The enrichment of these harmful metals in soil changes the soil’s physical and chemical properties, affects plant growth, and threatens people’s health through different means [8,9,10], such as Pb exposure, which will adversely affect fetal neurodevelopment [11] and continue during the course of life [12], while affecting several key human organ systems, including the cardiovascular system [13,14], renal system [15,16], and hepatic system [17,18].
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