Abstract

Glyphosate is widely used in row crop weed control programs of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. With the accumulation of glyphosate use, several weeds have evolved resistance to glyphosate. In order to control GR weeds for profitable crop production, it is critical to first identify them in crop fields. Conventional method for identifying GR weeds is destructive, tedious and labor-intensive. This study developed hyperspectral imaging for rapid sensing of Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) plants to determine if each plant is GR or glyphosate-susceptible (GS). In image analysis, a set of sensitive spectral bands was determined using a forward selection algorithm by optimizing the area under the receiver operating characteristic between GR and GS plants. Then, the dimensionality of selected bands was reduced using linear discriminant analysis. At the end the maximum likelihood classification was conducted for plant sample differentiation of GR Italian ryegrass from GS ones. The results indicated that the overall classification accuracy is between 75% and 80%. Although the accuracy is lower than the classification of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) in our previous study, this study provides a rapid, non-destructive approach to differentiate between GR and GS Italian ryegrass for improved site-specific weed management.

Highlights

  • IntroductionGlyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] is the most widely used herbicide with its increasing use in transgenic, glyphosate-resistant (GR) cropping systems

  • This study developed hyperspectral imaging for rapid sensing of Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) plants to determine if each plant is GR or glyphosate-susceptible (GS)

  • The results indicated that the overall classification accuracy is between 75% and 80%

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Summary

Introduction

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] is the most widely used herbicide with its increasing use in transgenic, glyphosate-resistant (GR) cropping systems. A total of 41 weed species have exhibited resistance to glyphosate worldwide and 9 of them have been documented in Mississippi [2]. In the United States, GR Italian ryegrass was first reported in Oregon in orchards in 2004 and in Mississippi in GR cotton and GR soybean fields in 2005 [2]. Italian ryegrass is an erect winter annual with a biennial-like growth habit. It grows vigorously in winter and early spring and is highly competitive in crop fields. GR Italian ryegrass populations could seriously jeopardize preplant burndown options and planting operations in reduced-tillage crop production systems of Mississippi. In order to effectively manage and control GR Italian ryegrass in crop fields, it is necessary to identify GR and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) Italian ryegrass and map the distribution of the GR and GS Italian ryegrass patches and clusters

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