Abstract

Hypersonic rarefied flow of nitrogen over a sphere is simulated by the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) calculations to study the drag coefficient under Lord’s diffuse scattering modelwith incomplete energy accommodation. The flow field and drag results from free-molecule flow to transition regime flow are obtained for extreme cases of complete energy accommodation and zero accommodation (diffuse elastic reflection). Available wind tunnel experimental data agree with the complete energy accommodation limit. But incomplete energy accommodation may have remarkable influence on orbital drag of a satellite. The parameters needed for this incomplete energy accommodation model are usually determined by the analysis on the result of the experiment.

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