Abstract
Oral candidiasis is the most common fungal infection and one of its rarest forms is hyperplasia. It usually occurs in individuals with generalized immunosuppression and vitamin deficiency. This paper reports a case of a male patient, 3 years old, diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia pre-B and undergoing chemotherapy for about a year. During the maintenance phase, he presented an exophytic, asymptomatic, pediculated, pale lesion, extending through the lingual dorsum. The chemotherapeutic treatment was interrupted to clarify the diagnosis after an incisional biopsy. Histopathological examination showed active chronic inflammation, associated with exuberant granulation tissue, presence of bacterial colonies and innumerable hyphae compatible with hyperplastic candidiasis, initiating fluconazole. After 14 days, there was an improvement maintaining oral antifungal treatment for another 37 days until complete remission of the lesion. There was formation of hypocoratous scar tissue in the central region of the lingual dorsum.
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