Abstract
The hypernatremia is an electrolyte disorder in patients at the hospital stage of the treatment. The symptomatic hypernatremia is associated with severe neurological disorders. The degree of dysfunction varies from mild behavioral disturbances to convulsions, coma, and depends on the duration and depth of hypernatremia. Neurological disorders are caused, on the one hand, by the shrinkage of neurocytes in the background of a high concentration of sodium in the blood, on the other — by the development of brain edema related to the rapid correction of hypernatremia. Symptomatic hypernatremia is the threatening complication and is associated with a significant mortality increase in children with a wide range of diseases. The paper describes current approaches to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of hypernatremia.
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