Abstract
Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is a leading cause of illness and death in the United States, affecting 25% of adults and 10% of children. This preventable disease can be screened for and treated, following established guidelines. Early identification and treatment of childhood hyperlipidemia should further reduce the excessive number of deaths attributed to coronary heart disease (CHD). This review article explores the relationship of childhood cholesterol levels to CHD, diagnostic criteria, and dietary treatment. It further explores the genetic factors that may modulate dietary effects on lipid metabolism and reinforces the value of medical nutrition therapy.
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