Hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficiency and hyperactivity syndrome in adults

Abstract

Introduction. Hyperkinetic disorder (HR) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are traditionally regarded as a pathology of childhood, but the frequency of its detection among the adult population is high. GR and ADHD has a significant impact on professional, educational activities and social and domestic relationships.The purpose of the work was to systematize the current data in the field of research on hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults.Materials and methods Full-text publications of metaanalyses from 2017 to 2022 were searched in the PubMed electronic search engine for full-text keyword matches. The criterion for not including a publication in this review was a study conducted on a sample of individuals under 18 years of age. A total of 154 unique references were checked, of which 70 articles were included in the review.Results and discussion. ADHD is a polyethiological disorder. ADHD symptoms can be associated with other pathological conditions, which can influence the pathogenetic and clinical picture. A number of authors consider ADHD symptoms in terms of adaptation to the modern information environment. Positive aspects of ADHD are pointed out: the ability to be creative, the ability to find non-standard, original solutions, an increased capacity for empathy. In a number of modern works, persons with ADHD have an increased ability to “hyperfocus” on activities relevant to the individual, although not all researchers adhere to this opinion.Conclusion. The clinical essence of ADHD is its dysontogenetic nature. The range of etiological factors, both external and internal, that can lead to the development of ADHD symptoms is quite wide, and the likelihood of comorbid conditions is extremely high. Not all of the classifications and diagnostic criteria aimed at identifying ADHD symptoms in individuals under 18 years of age can be applied to adult patients, which shifts the epidemiological indicators toward a reduction of the disorder in the adult population.