Abstract
Hyperglycaemia is a presence of too much high glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream if it is not well-controlled. When the blood glucose level (BGL) is above 15 mmol/l, the situation is considered as hyperglycaemia. Long-term uncontrolled hyperglycaemia can affect type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, as well as pregnant women with gestational diabetes. If it is not treated for a long-time, different vital organs of the body, such as the eyes, nerves, kidneys, and blood vessels may permanently damage. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are diabetes emergencies and life-threatening complications in hyperglycaemia. Prevention and treatment of hyperglycaemia and its related complications are necessary for a healthy life of diabetes patients. This study tries to discuss the causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment of hyperglycaemia with highlights on DKA and HHS.
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