Abstract
Chronic social defeat stress induces diverse effects in mice of different strains and even in animals of the same strain. This paper aims to study the effect of repeated social defeats and, for contrast, repeated aggression in daily agonistic interactions on the behaviors of CD-1 male mice. The behavior of animals that have the same winning and losing track record during 3, 10, 21 days is studied in different tests. The level of aggressiveness, as estimated by the number and total time of attacks, decreases; nevertheless, direct and indirect forms of aggression demonstrated by the aggressive mice (winners) remain significantly high. The number of stereotypic behaviors (rotations and jumps) and total time of digging behaviors are significantly increased in the winners after 21 days compared to 3 and 10 days of intermale confrontations. Among the losers, chronic experience of social defeats is accompanied by the development of pronounced anxiety and a depression-like state estimated by the elevated plus-maze and the Porsolt test scores, respectively. Both groups of male mice with alternative social behaviors demonstrate abnormal locomotor and exploratory behaviors in the open-field test. This phenomenon may be viewed as hyperactivity developed under chronic agonistic interactions and specific for the outbred CD-1 mice. We believe that these animals may be potentially used for modeling the key symptoms of bipolar disorder.
Highlights
Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) is an etiologic factor which is used for the production of depression-like states in mice [1]-[3]
CSDS for 21 days is accompanied by the development of pronounced anxiety- and depression-like states in male mice of the C57BL/6J strain [2] [3] and anxiety without depressive state in defeated mice of the CBA/Lac strain [4], which is genetically predisposed to the development of cataleptic-like behavior [7]-[9]
Considering these data and recognizing the importance of this mouse stock for numerous research areas, this paper describes the effects of repeated experience of aggression accompanied by victories in the winners or social defeats in the losers in daily agonistic interactions on the behavior of outbred CD-1 mice
Summary
Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) is an etiologic factor which is used for the production of depression-like states in mice [1]-[3]. In most studies, using CSDS as a psychogenic factor for modeling depressive-like states in the C57BL/6J mice, CD-1 male mice larger than the defeaters are used as aggressors [3] [10] [20]. In interstrain comparisons, the CD-1 mice are the ones that demonstrate the lowest level of anxiety [19] Considering these data and recognizing the importance of this mouse stock for numerous research areas, this paper describes the effects of repeated experience of aggression accompanied by victories in the winners or social defeats in the losers in daily agonistic interactions on the behavior of outbred CD-1 mice
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