Abstract
Gout is caused by a chronic hyperuricemia whose complications are not currently well evaluated in Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia and gout in 85 patients recruited. A total of 26 cases of hyperuricemia, i.e., 30.6% of the study population, with 12 cases of gout and seven cases of gouty access. In this population, hyperuricemia was proportional to age (p-value < 10−4, OR = 2.6), but it was more prevalent in men, 23.5% versus 7.1% for women (p-value = 0.0047). In addition, none of these women showed signs of a gouty affection. Consumption of alcohol (OR = 13) and nucleoprotein-rich foods, obesity (BMI 30 kg/m2; OR = 6), family history of gout (OR = 6.8), as well as diseases such as high blood pressure (associated with taking diuretics; OR = 1.7), renal insufficiency (OR = 4.4) and diabetes (p < 0.049) were the main factors of the diseases associated with gout and hyperuricemia in this population. The biochemical role of these factors may increase and/or decrease the processes of synthesis and/or elimination of uric acid by acting on metabolites involved in the regulation of urate production.
Highlights
Unlike other endemic or epidemic diseases in the world, gout is one of the pathologies that act silently
This study has confirmed the ubiquitous nature of gouty arthropathies, given the remarkable rates of hyperuricemia and gouty access highlighted in the included population
Classic risk factors for gout and hyperuricemia have been identified in this population, including: alcoholism, obesity, protein overeating, and family history
Summary
Unlike other endemic or epidemic diseases in the world, gout is one of the pathologies that act silently. It has long been marginalized to the detriment of life-threatening disease [1]. This underestimation, in the sub-Saharan zone, is mainly due to the expertise limits of practitioners in its diagnosis [2]. Gout is described as localized inflammatory arthritis caused by chronic hyperuricemia. The burden of this disease and its complications remain significant and rapidly increasing [5], but the rate of hyperuricemia and gout prevalence vary widely by region and especially by gender and age From the 1980s, the expansion of more sophisticated diagnostic means in the West and in Africa demonstrated the real existence of rheumatic diseases including gout [3,4].
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