Abstract
Fifty years after the creation of the first arteriovenous access, little is known about the deleterious cardiac effects of this pathological circuit. Understanding the pathophysiology of Access Based Cardiac Disease (ABCD) is critical, given the fact that cardiac abnormalities are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in end stage kidney disease patients on dialysis. However, this has been a challenge, as many of hemodialysis patients have preexisting cardiac disease, they invariably have volume overload from salt and water retention, and many heart failure symptoms can be masked by regular efficient dialysis. ABCD can be hyper-acute (minutes to hours), acute (days to weeks), or chronic (months to years). In this manuscript, authors will focus on the hyper-acute form.
Highlights
Fifty years after the creation of the first arteriovenous access, little is known about the deleterious cardiac effects of this pathological circuit
Understanding the pathophysiology of Access Based Cardiac Disease (ABCD) is critical, given the fact that cardiac abnormalities are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in end stage kidney disease patients on dialysis [1,2]. This has been a challenge, as many of hemodialysis patients have preexisting cardiac disease, they invariably have volume overload from salt and water retention, and many heart failure symptoms can be masked by regular efficient dialysis [3]
The main function of the Cardiovascular system is maintaining adequate tissue perfusion. This can be achieved by contracting the cardiac muscle around a closed chamber ejecting small amount of blood several times per minute (i.e. Heart rate)
Summary
Fifty years after the creation of the first arteriovenous access, little is known about the deleterious cardiac effects of this pathological circuit. Understanding the pathophysiology of Access Based Cardiac Disease (ABCD) is critical, given the fact that cardiac abnormalities are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in end stage kidney disease patients on dialysis [1,2]. This has been a challenge, as many of hemodialysis patients have preexisting cardiac disease, they invariably have volume overload from salt and water retention, and many heart failure symptoms can be masked by regular efficient dialysis [3]. Authors will focus on the hyper-acute form
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