Abstract
Introduction: Hyoid bone is attached to mandible and cranium by different ligaments and muscular attachments and plays important role in maintaining of functions of oral cavity such as posture of tongue. Hyoid bone is attached to mandible and cranium by different ligaments and muscular attachments and plays important role in maintaining of functions of oral cavity such as posture of tongue.
 Materials & Method: Study was carried out in Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan in May-June 2019. Lateral cephalogram of 113 patients were taken from orthodontic department and drawn by using 3H pencil and acetate matte sheets. Skeletal malocclusions were distributed into Class I, Class II and Class III on the bases of ANB angle. Hyoid bone position was determined using method devised by Bibby and Preston. IBM SPSS was used to assess the statistical data and mean, correlations and one sample t-test were applied.
 Result: Data shows that in population of Multan, Pakistan, hyoid bone is posterior and downward in position and lies close to mandibular plane. Mean value of C3-H, Hyoid angle and H-RGn was 28.76mm ± 4.01mm, 15.26º ± 5.85º and 33.6mm ± 6.12mm.
 Conclusion: It is concluded that hyoid bone is positioned more downward and backward direction in Skeletal Class I cases from given sample, moderately in Class III and less in Class II cases.
Highlights
Hyoid bone is attached to mandible and cranium by different ligaments and muscular attachments and plays important role in maintaining of functions of oral cavity such as posture of tongue.Hyoid bone is attached to mandible and cranium by different ligaments and muscular attachments and plays important role in maintaining of functions of oral cavity such as posture of tongue
It is not directly related to the bones. It is present at level of lower border of mandible and it descends down with age to be present at level of C4 but position is affected by different physiological functions such as head posture, swallowing and respiration.[2]
Structural and positional importance of hyoid bone affects different treatment modalities in orthodontics. It is situated in forward positon in skeletal class II cases and in more backward position in skeletal class III cases when compared with normal skeletal class I cases
Summary
Hyoid bone is attached to mandible and cranium by different ligaments and muscular attachments and plays important role in maintaining of functions of oral cavity such as posture of tongue.[1]. Lateral cephalogram showed inferior and backward position of hyoid bone in OSA cases Many patients facing this condition were treated with mandibular advancement via BSSO which brings hyoid bone close to mandibular plane as via discussed in different studies.[4] TMD and disc displacement influence hyoid bone positon but this association needs to be investigated because some studies supports this association and others not.[5] Hyoid bone position and its relation with surrounding anatomical structures has interdepartmental importance while treating joint immobilization and calcification. Purpose of this study is to determine hyoid bone position in local population of Multan, Pakistan and racial variations among the patients of different skeletal malocclusion class I, class II and class III
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