Hygienic problems of interaction of artificial lighting and intercellular water (literature review)

Abstract

The role of water and aquaporin system in artificial lighting conditions and their importance for vision and the human body as a whole is considered. The review used the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, and RSCI. The functionally necessary level of water exchange in the human eye was shown to largely depend on the efficiency of aquaporins exposed to aggressive environment. Such effects include an excessive dose of blue light, electromagnetic radiation, and excessive concentration of mercury, copper ions, and zinc ions in the human body. In the conditions of chemical pollution, excessive blue light, the violated efficiency of aquaporins leads to swelling in the functional structures of the eye, changes in their optical characteristics. So far the conditions for the development of diseases of the visual analyzer are created. The optical system of the eye is very sensitive to the geometric dimensions of the cornea, iris, lens and Muller cells. Edema of these cells is the primary causes of optical distortions of images on the retina. The positive effect of humoral regulators of aquaporin activity (vasopressin, estrogens, component of the renin-angiotensin system) on the lens transparency was shown. Aquaporin-0 plays a key role in the development of the refractive index gradient in the mammalian eye lens to prevent spherical aberration. Aquaporin system permeates all cells of the functional structures of the body. A number of researchers suggest structural disorders of water dynamics between and within cells to be the basis of many diseases. More recent data have shown that aquaporin may also be associated with tumor, proliferation and migration of tumor cells, as well as angiogenesis in solid and hematological tumors. The discovery of aquaporins, which provide rapid transport of water through the biological membranes of all living organisms (animals, plants and microorganisms) has disproved the traditional concept and was an outstanding achievement of General biology, botany, physiology, medicine and ophthalmology. Changing the properties of intercellular water in artificial lighting (and other negative factors) is a new physiological and hygienic problem.