Hydroxylation of quinaldic acid: quinaldic acid 4-monooxygenase from Alcaligenes sp. F-2 versus quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductases

Abstract

The N-heterocycles quinaldic acid (quinoline 2-carboxylic acid), kynurenic acid (4-hydroxyquinoline 2-carboxylic acid), 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline, and xanthine care utilized by Alcaligenes sp. F-2 as sole source of carbon and energy. Although quinoline did not serve as growth substrate, 8-hydroxy-2;-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 8-hydroxycoumarin, metabolites of the ‘coumarin pathway’ of quinoline catabolism, were isolated from the culture fluid during growth on 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline. Contrary to Serratia marcescens 2CC-1 and Pseudomonas sp. AK-2 (Sauter et al. (1993) Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 374, 1037–1046), which possess different molybdenum-containing hydroxylases catalysing the 4-hydroxylation of quinaldic acid to kynurenic acid with incorporation of oxygen derived from water and concomitant reduction of an electron acceptor, Alcaligenes sp. F-2 contains an inducible quinaldic acid 4-monooxygenase that catalyses the very same conversion in the presence of O 2 and NADH. The activity of the monooxygenase was enhanced 1.5-fold by Fe 2+ ions. The extremely thermolabile enzyme (apparent molecular mass: 155 kDa) exclusively accepted quinaldic acid as substrate. The ‘pseudosubstrates’ menadione, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and 8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline effected consumption of NADH and oxygen without being hydroxylased. Quinaldic acid 4-monooxygenase was inhibited by sulthydryl modifying and chelating agents, and by various divalent metal ions, whereas reducing agents did not affect enzymatic activity.